A.P.Polo - Bufotenin

LIMITED EDITION of 50

A P POLO

# 278531

A.P.POLO - BUFOTENIN

Name: A.P.Polo - Bufotenin by A P Polo Wall Art
Brand: Pictorem
SKU: 278531
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A.P.Polo - "Bufotenin" - Hamburg (Germany). Bufotenin (5-hydroxy-DMT) is a psychoactive hallucinogenic substance. It is found in some plant and anima...[+]

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A.P.POLO - BUFOTENIN A P POLO Canvas Print

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20 x 15 inches

51 x 38 cm

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24 x 18 inches

62 x 46 cm

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30 x 23 inches

77 x 59 cm

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36 x 27 inches

92 x 69 cm

1/8 with 4 metal stand off

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42 x 32 inches

108 x 82 cm

1/8 with 4 metal stand off

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48 x 36 inches

123 x 92 cm

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55 x 41 inches

141 x 105 cm

1/8 with 6 metal stand off

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60 x 45 inches

154 x 115 cm

1/8 with 6 metal stand off

^$1706

3/16" Thickness:

20 x 15 inches

51 x 38 cm

3/16 with 4 metal stand off

^$333

24 x 18 inches

62 x 46 cm

3/16 with 4 metal stand off

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30 x 23 inches

77 x 59 cm

3/16 with 4 metal stand off

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36 x 27 inches

92 x 69 cm

3/16 with 4 metal stand off

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42 x 32 inches

108 x 82 cm

3/16 with 4 metal stand off

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48 x 36 inches

123 x 92 cm

3/16 with 4 metal stand off

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55 x 41 inches

141 x 105 cm

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154 x 115 cm

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40 x 28" Framed Print

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ABOUT A P POLO fs
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ABOUT THIS ARTWORK: A.P.POLO - BUFOTENIN
A.P.Polo - "Bufotenin" - Hamburg (Germany). Bufotenin (5-hydroxy-DMT) is a psychoactive hallucinogenic substance. It is found in some plant and animal species, particularly in South America and is also produced in the human body. Bufotenin is chemically related to dimethyltryptamine (DMT), the psilocin contained in magic mushrooms and the neurotransmitter serotonin. Bufotenin occurs in nature as an animal poison, among other things. In particular, it is found in the secretion of the skin glands of poisonous toad species such as Bufo vulgaris or Bufo marinus, the large sea toad or aga toad. Accordingly, the toad (Latin bufo) gives its name to the active ingredient. The poisonous skin secretions of toads were used by some indigenous inhabitants of the Americas to brew intoxicating ritual drinks. Even today, South American Indian tribes are said to use the skin secretions for ritual purposes. Bufotenin was isolated from toad skin, and named by the Austrian chemist Handovsky at the University of Prague during World War I. The structure of bufotenine was confirmed in 1934 by Heinrich Wieland's laboratory in Munich, and the first reported synthesis of bufotenine was by Toshio Hoshino and Kenya Shimodaira in 1935. Components of the yopo tree were also processed by indigenous people and smoked or snorted as a powder under the name "cohoba" or "yopo" as a mind-expanding agent. Bufotenin is also found in the seeds, leaves, inner bark layer and resin of other South American plant species, which are processed by indigenous tribes for use as a ceremonial intoxicant. Bufotenin has a disinhibiting, hallucinogenic effect that sets in quickly when ingested nasally. When taken orally, the effects of bufotenin can last up to two hours. The intoxication usually ends in an exhausted sleep. As with the preparation of the ayahuasca potion, plants containing harmaline are also used to prevent the rapid breakdown of the psychoactive substance in the gastrointestinal tract. Bufotenin alone would have no psychoactive effect if taken orally. Bufotenin is found in the skin and eggs of several species of toads belonging to the genus Bufo, but is most concentrated in the Colorado River toad (formerly Bufo alvarius, now Incilius alvarius), the only toad species with enough bufotenin for a psychoactive effect. Extracts of toad toxin, containing bufotenin and other bioactive compounds, have been used in some traditional medicines such as ch'an su (probably derived from Bufo gargarizans), which has been used medicinally for centuries in China. The toad was "recurrently depicted in Mesoamerican art", which some authors have interpreted as indicating that the effects of ingesting Bufo secretions have been known in Mesoamerica for many years; however, others doubt that this art provides sufficient "ethnohistorical evidence" to support the claim. In addition to bufotenin, Bufo secretions also contain digoxin-like cardiac glycosides, and ingestion of these toxins can be fatal. Ingestion of Bufo toad poison and eggs by humans has resulted in several reported cases of poisoning, some of which resulted in death. A court case in Spain, involving a physician who dosed people with smoked Mexican Toad poison, one of his customers died after inhaling three doses, instead of the usual of only one, had images of intoxicated with this smoke suffering obvious hypocalcemic hand muscular spasms. Reports in the mid-1990s indicated that bufotenin-containing toad secretions had appeared as a street drug, supposedly but in fact not an aphrodisiac, ingested orally in the form of ch'an su, or as a psychedelic, by smoking or orally ingesting Bufo toad secretions or dried Bufo skins. The use of chan'su and love stone (a related toad skin preparation used as an aphrodisiac in the West Indies) has resulted in several cases of poisoning and at least one death. The practice of orally ingesting toad poison has been referred to in popular culture and in the scientific literature as toad licking and has drawn media attention. Albert Most, founder of the defunct Church of the Toad of Light and a proponent of spiritual use of Bufo alvarius toxin, published a booklet in 1983 titled Bufo alvarius: The Psychedelic Toad of the Sonoran Desert which explained how to extract and smoke the secretions. Bufotenin is also present in the skin secretion of three arboreal hylid frogs of the genus Osteocephalus (Osteocephalus taurinus, Osteocephalus oophagus, and Osteocephalus langsdorfii) from the Amazon and Atlantic rain forests. In 1955, Fabing and Hawkins administered bufotenin intravenously at doses of up to 16 mg to prison inmates at Ohio State Penitentiary. A toxic effect causing purpling of the face was seen in these tests. In 2001, ethnobotanist Jonathan Ott published the results of a study in which he self-administered free base bufotenin via insufflation (5–100 mg), sublingually (50 mg), intrarectally (30 mg), orally (100 mg) and via vaporization (2–8 mg). Ott reported "visionary effects" of intranasal bufotenin and that the "visionary threshold dose" by this route was 40 mg, with smaller doses eliciting perceptibly psychoactive effects. He reported that "intranasal bufotenine is throughout quite physically relaxing; in no case was there facial rubescence, nor any discomfort nor disesteeming side effects". At 100 mg, effects began within 5 minutes, peaked at 35–40 minutes, and lasted up to 90 minutes. Higher doses produced effects that were described as psychedelic, such as "swirling, colored patterns typical of tryptamines, tending toward the arabesque". Free base bufotenin taken sublingually was found to be identical to intranasal use. The potency, duration, and psychedelic action was the same. Ott found vaporized free base bufotenin active from 2–8 mg with 8 mg producing "ring-like, swirling, colored patterns with eyes closed". He noted that the visual effects of insufflated bufotenin were verified by one colleague, and those of vaporized bufotenin by several volunteers. Ott concluded that free base bufotenin taken intranasally and sublingually produced effects similar to those of Yopo without the toxic peripheral symptoms, such as facial flushing, observed in other studies in which the drug was administered intravenously.

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